Froelich School of Nursing

Dean: Jennifer Morton; Professors of Practice: Joanna Bachour, Zareen Barry, Heather Briere, Lindsay Guertin, Julia Patrick, Linette Wilson; Assistant Professors : Courtney Orelup-Fitzgerald, Stacey Carroll, Danielle Shaver.

Mission Statement 

The mission of the Froelich School of Nursing is to cultivate an intellectual community committed to preparing leaders in the delivery of safe, high-quality, compassionate professional nursing practice. Graduates are prepared, in accordance with the principles of Catholic healthcare ethics, to care for, serve, and promote the health of society.

Accreditations and Memberships 

The Assumption University Froelich School of Nursing has Full Approval Status from the Massachusetts Board of Registration in Nursing (MABoRN). The Baccalaureate of Science degree program in nursing at Assumption University is accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (http://www.ccneaccreditation.org). The Froelich School of Nursing is a member of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), the National League for Nursing (NLN), the Massachusetts Association of Colleges of Nursing (MACN), and the Iota Phi-at-Large Chapter of Sigma Theta Tau, the International Honor Society of Nursing.

Learning Outcomes 

The graduate from Froelich School of Nursing is prepared as a nurse generalist who functions within an inter-professional healthcare team to provide professional, compassionate, patient-centered care to individuals across the lifespan, families, and populations, in a variety of healthcare settings. Health promotion, including the use of patient teaching, is a refined skill of the graduate. Through reflection and the pursuit of a life of inquiry, the student nurse will transition into practice and continue evolving as a member of the nursing profession. The student will

  • Synthesize concepts and theories from the liberal arts and science education rooted in the Catholic intellectual tradition and Catholic health care ethics to guide professional nursing practice.
  • Integrate concepts of safety and quality improvement in the practice of professional nursing within a healthcare system.
  • Appraise evidence to support clinical decisions throughout the nursing process.
  • Incorporate information systems and healthcare technologies throughout the nursing process.
  • Examine the impact of socio-economic, cultural, spiritual, legal, ethical, and political factors influencing healthcare and professional nursing practice.
  • Collaborate with patients, families, populations, and the inter-professional healthcare team by selecting appropriate communication strategies.
  • Select evidence-based health promotion and health maintenance strategies to maximize health and minimize risk to patients, families, and populations.
  • Examine a variety of health determinants when planning, implementing, and evaluating nursing care of patients, families, and populations.
  • Demonstrate characteristics and behaviors consistent with the professional standards of moral, ethical, and legal practice in professional nursing.

A Note on Clinical Rotations 

Clinical placements are made at the discretion of the faculty based upon the learning objectives, availability of experiences, and the student’s previous assignments and experiences. Specific assignments and responsibilities will be provided by the faculty. The assignments will not necessarily be based on the choice of the student. Clinical hours may be at any time during a 24-hour period that patient care or other experiences are available. The hours of the clinical experience are not limited to business hours Monday through Friday. Students must make appropriate arrangements to allow for completion of their clinical assignments regardless of the time of the assignment. The locations of the clinical assignment may require travel, and transportation/parking is the responsibility of the student.

Froelich School of Nursing Policies 

The Froelich School of Nursing maintains a set of school-based policies that the student will read and attest understanding. The most current version of the policy is provided to the student in an electronic format and any revision made to a policy during the academic year is communicated to the student via email with a timeline for implementation.

Standards of Conduct and Good Moral Character 

In addition to abiding by the Assumption University Student Code of Conduct, nursing students, as part of their learning process, will interact with patients, peers, staff, and faculty. As a result, they have the obligation to behave in a way consistent with the standards of professional nursing practice. These ethical standards include the following professional standards:

  • American Nurses Association Code of Ethics with Interpretive Guidelines;
  • 244 CMR 9.00 Board of Registration in Nursing: Standards of Conduct;
  • Massachusetts General Law (MGL) Chapter 112 Sections 74, 74A, 76 Good Moral Character: To be eligible for Licensure by the Massachusetts Board of Registration in Nursing (BORN), students must be in compliance with the Massachusetts BORN Good Moral Character (GMC) licensure requirement found on the MA BORN website: https://www.mass.gov/service-details/good-moral-character-requirements-for-nursing-licensure

Application to the Traditional Nursing Track 

A complete application includes:

  1. A completed Common Application, including the additional essay specific to the Froelich School of Nursing;
  2. A letter of recommendation from a high school counselor or teacher;
  3. An official high school transcript including senior grades submitted directly from the high school or its equivalent. All applicants must meet the minimum criteria outlined by the University;
  4. Minimum QPA in Core Math and Science Courses of 3.0. Core math courses include Algebra, Geometry, Pre-calculus, Calculus, and Statistics; and Core Science Courses include Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Anatomy, and Physiology;
  5. A high school transcript documenting the completion of three years of Core science courses (as defined above). 

Information about transfer/change of major into the Froelich School of Nursing is found on the program’s website.

Application to the Accelerated Bachelor of Science in Nursing 

For the student who has already completed a bachelor’s degree, the Accelerated Bachelor of Science in Nursing Track provides an opportunity to complete the baccalaureate nursing degree in sixteen (16) months. Further information on eligibility criteria is available at https://www.assumption.edu/undergraduate/post-bachelors-accelerated-nursing-track. Eligibility criteria for this track include:

  1. An earned bachelor’s degree from an accredited institute of higher education with a cumulative GPA of 3.0;
  2. Completion of these prerequisite courses: 
    1. Anatomy and Physiology I and II with a lab component, or a semester of Anatomy and a semester of Physiology, each with lab. A minimum final grade of C+ is required and the course must have been completed within the last ten years.
    2. Microbiology with Lab (minimum final grade of C+ and taken within the last ten years),
    3. Nutrition (minimum final grade of C+ and taken within the last ten years),
    4. Growth and Development Across the Lifespan, or two courses in Growth and Development that cover the lifespan. (minimum final grade of C+ and taken within the last ten years),
    5. Statistics (minimum final grade of C+ and taken within the last ten years),
    6. Ethics (minimum final grade of C+)

Courses

NUR 100: INTRODUCTION TO PROFESSIONAL NURSING PRACTICE

Credits 3
Introduction to the evolution of the roles of the professional nurse as a member of the inter-professional healthcare team within a healthcare system. The student will refine skills in basic math principles as a foundation for medication administration while beginning to build communication skills that are used throughout the profession. Learners will examine their values and beliefs in relation to basic concepts and behaviors that define the nursing profession. Critical thinking skills, moral and legal matters, and standards of practice are explored as the basis for clinical decision making throughout the nursing process.

NUR 114A: BASICS OF PROFESSIONAL NURSING PRACTICE

Credits 1
The student will refine skills in basic math principles as a foundation for medication administration while beginning to build communication skills that are used throughout the profession. The basics of physical health assessment will also be introduced.

NUR 200: FUNDAMENTALS OF PROFESSIONAL NURSING

Credits 4
Foundational nursing knowledge, skills, and attitudes are cultivated in the student in preparation for delivering safe, patient- centered care. The focus on health and physical assessment techniques and evidence-based nursing intervention provides the framework for student nurses to begin providing quality and compassionate nursing care.

NUR 200A: FUNDAMENTALS OF PROFESSIONAL NURSING

Credits 4
Foundational nursing knowledge, skills, and attitudes are cultivated in the student in preparation for delivering safe, patient- centered care. The focus on health and physical assessment techniques and evidence-based nursing intervention provides the framework for student nurses to begin providing quality and compassionate nursing care.

NUR 201: FUNDAMENTALS OF PROFESSIONAL NURSING CLINICAL

Credits 3
Student nurses will apply theoretical nursing knowledge when using the nursing process to care for a patient. Assessment and fundamental nursing interventions comprise the student nurse-patient relationship. The student will begin to develop the clinical decision-making skills needed to deliver safe, patient-centered care. Clinical experiences will be conducted in a variety of settings including, but not limited to, the clinical skills laboratory, clinical and virtual simulation laboratory, and healthcare agencies.

NUR 201A: FUNDAMENTALS OF PROFESSIONAL NURSING CLINICAL

Credits 3
Student nurses will apply theoretical nursing knowledge when using the nursing process to care for a patient. Assessment and fundamental nursing interventions comprise the student nurse-patient relationship. The student will begin to develop the clinical decision-making skills needed to deliver safe, patient-centered care. Clinical experiences will be conducted in a variety of settings including, but not limited to, the clinical skills laboratory, clinical and virtual simulation laboratory, and healthcare agencies.

NUR 204: PATHOPHARMACOLOGICAL PROCESSES

Credits 3
The pathology of disease, severity of body symptoms, and the impact on patient function across the lifespan will be explored. Concepts of pharmacology and principles of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics will be integrated across the course. The learner will build a foundation of knowledge used to assess the patient's health condition and provide health promotion strategies that include patient teaching.

NUR 204A: PATHOPHARMACOLOGICAL PROCESSES

Credits 3
The pathology of disease, severity of body symptoms, and the impact on patient function across the lifespan will be explored. Concepts of pharmacology and principles of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics will be integrated across the course. The learner will build a foundation of knowledge used to assess the patient's health condition and provide health promotion strategies that include patient teaching.

NUR 210: PROFESSIONAL NURSING CONCEPTS

Credits 3
This course will address professional role development, integrating concepts of multidimensional care and skills of inquiry and analysis to inform clinical decision-making, professional practice, and lifelong learning. Concepts and theories basic to the art and science of nursing will be examined to support the broad context in which professional nursing care is provided.

NUR 210A: PROFESSIONAL NURSING CONCEPTS

Credits 3
This course will address professional role development, integrating concepts of multidimensional care and skills of inquiry and analysis to inform clinical decision-making, professional practice, and lifelong learning. Concepts and theories basic to the art and science of nursing will be examined to support the broad context in which professional nursing care is provided.

NUR 214A: DEVELOPING CLINICAL JUDGEMENT I

Credits 2
The student nurse is introduced to Linda Caputi's Framework of Thinking like a Nurse. Teaching-learning strategies will explore the deliberate, skillful, responsible, and thoughtful critical thinking expected of professional nurses. Students will begin thinking like a nurse using everyday situations and will begin to apply critical thinking strategies to clinical scenarios with the goal of demonstrating clinical reasoning and safe clinical decision making.

NUR 300: PROFESSIONAL NURSING

Credits 3
This course will introduce the conceptual and theoretical frameworks used to assess the determinants of health and provide safe and compassionate care for patients with acute medical and surgical conditions and chronic health conditions throughout the lifespan. Course content is delivered within the context of maximizing patient health and minimizing risk.

NUR 300A: PROFESSIONAL NURSING

Credits 3
This course will introduce the conceptual and theoretical frameworks used to assess the determinants of health and provide safe and compassionate care for patients with acute medical and surgical conditions and chronic health conditions throughout the lifespan. Course content is delivered within the context of maximizing patient health and minimizing risk.

NUR 301: PROFESSIONAL NURSING CLINICAL

Credits 3
Learners will conduct the nursing process when caring for patients with acute and chronic health conditions. The student nurse will assess, plan, deliver, and evaluate safe and quality patient-centered care using therapeutic communication and evidence- based nursing interventions. Collaboration with social support systems and the inter-professional team will be expected. Principles of patient teaching will be applied to various clinical situations. Clinical experiences support the development of clinical judgment. Clinical experiences may be conducted in a variety of clinical settings including, but not limited to, the clinical skills laboratory, clinical simulation laboratory, virtual simulation, and healthcare agencies.

NUR 301A: PROFESSIONAL NURSING CLINICAL

Credits 3
Learners will conduct the nursing process when caring for patients with acute and chronic health conditions. The student nurse will assess, plan, deliver, and evaluate safe and quality patient-centered care using therapeutic communication and evidence- based nursing interventions. Collaboration with social support systems and the inter-professional team will be expected. Principles of patient teaching will be applied to various clinical situations. Clinical experiences support the development of clinical judgment. Clinical experiences may be conducted in a variety of clinical settings including, but not limited to, the clinical skills laboratory, clinical simulation laboratory, virtual simulation, and healthcare agencies.

NUR 304: PATHOPHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPEUTICS

Credits 3
Building on the knowledge of disease processes within the human system, comorbid symptomatology and the additive effects of polypharmacy will be explored. Conducting the nursing process within a complex, multisystem presentation of symptoms will frame course content.

NUR 304A: PATHOPHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPEUTICS

Credits 3
Building on the knowledge of disease processes within the human system, comorbid symptomatology and the additive effects of polypharmacy will be explored. Conducting the nursing process within a complex, multisystem presentation of symptoms will frame course content.

NUR 310: EVIDENCE-BASED NURSING PRACTICE

Credits 2
This course will expose learners to be consumers and users of health-related evidence and best nursing practice guidelines. The connection between theory and nursing practice and the components of the research process support evidence-based nursing interventions and clinical judgement. Professional writing is emphasized.

NUR 310A: EVIDENCE-BASED NURSING PRACTICE

Credits 2
This course will expose learners to be consumers and users of health-related evidence and best nursing practice guidelines. The connection between theory and nursing practice and the components of the research process support evidence-based nursing interventions and clinical judgement. Professional writing is emphasized.

NUR 312: PROFESSIONAL NURSING: PROMOTING MENTAL HEALTH

Credits 3
Conceptual and theoretical frameworks guide the nursing process in providing compassionate care for patients, families, and populations experiencing alteration in mental health and substance use disorders. Nursing care is explored within the context of current healthcare policy and evidence, including legal regulations and best practice guidelines. The emphasis on effective and therapeutic communication strategies throughout the nursing process is emphasized to minimize risk maximize mental health.

NUR 312A: PROFESSIONAL NURSING: PROMOTING MENTAL HEALTH

Credits 3
Conceptual and theoretical frameworks guide the nursing process in providing compassionate care for patients, families, and populations experiencing alteration in mental health and substance use disorders. Nursing care is explored within the context of current healthcare policy and evidence, including legal regulations and best practice guidelines. The emphasis on effective and therapeutic communication strategies throughout the nursing process is emphasized to minimize risk maximize mental health.

NUR 313: PROFESSIONAL NURSING: PROMOTING MENTAL HEALTH CLINICAL

Credits 1
Conceptual and theoretical frameworks guide the safe and compassionate nursing care for patients, families, and populations experiencing alteration in mental health and substance use disorders. Learners will begin to apply nursing knowledge in various clinical situations. Appropriate communication strategies, including patient teaching, and development of therapeutic relationships with patients as well as their social support network and the inter-professional team in a variety of healthcare systems are emphasized. Clinical experiences support the evolution of clinical judgement. Clinical experiences may be conducted in a variety of clinical settings including, but not limited to, the clinical skills laboratory, clinical simulation laboratory, virtual simulation, and healthcare agencies.

NUR 313A: PROFESSIONAL NURSING: PROMOTING MENTAL HEALTH CLINICAL

Credits 1
Conceptual and theoretical frameworks guide the safe and compassionate nursing care for patients, families, and populations experiencing alteration in mental health and substance use disorders. Learners will begin to apply nursing knowledge in various clinical situations. Appropriate communication strategies, including patient teaching, and development of therapeutic relationships with patients as well as their social support network and the inter-professional team in a variety of healthcare systems are emphasized. Clinical experiences support the evolution of clinical judgement. Clinical experiences may be conducted in a variety of clinical settings including, but not limited to, the clinical skills laboratory, clinical simulation laboratory, virtual simulation, and healthcare agencies.

NUR 400: COMPLEXITIES OF PROFESSIONAL NURSING

Credits 3
Building on an established nursing knowledge base, the safe, quality, and compassionate care for patients with complex health conditions within a complex healthcare system will be presented. The learner will select and adapt nursing interventions and patient teaching strategies based on the complexity of the patient’s health condition. Course content will be delivered within the context of current healthcare policy and the availability of evidence and resources with the goal of maximizing health and minimizing risk.

NUR 400A: COMPLEXITIES OF PROFESSIONAL NURSING

Credits 3
Building on an established nursing knowledge base, the safe, quality, and compassionate care for patients with complex health conditions within a complex healthcare system will be presented. The learner will select and adapt nursing interventions and patient teaching strategies based on the complexity of the patient’s health condition. Course content will be delivered within the context of current healthcare policy and the availability of evidence and resources with the goal of maximizing health and minimizing risk.

NUR 401: COMPLEXITIES OF PROFESSIONAL NURSING CLINICAL

Credits 2
Learners will conduct the nursing process when caring for patients with complex health conditions and comorbidities in complex healthcare systems. The student nurse will assess, plan, deliver, and evaluate safe and quality patient-centered care using therapeutic communication and evidence-based nursing interventions. Collaboration with social support systems and the interprofessional team will be expected. Clinical experiences support further evolution of clinical judgement. Clinical experiences may be conducted in a variety of clinical settings including, but not limited to, the clinical skills laboratory, clinical simulation laboratory, virtual simulation, and healthcare agencies.

NUR 401A: COMPLEXITIES OF PROFESSIONAL NURSING CLINICAL

Credits 2
Learners will conduct the nursing process when caring for patients with complex health conditions and comorbidities in complex healthcare systems. The student nurse will assess, plan, deliver, and evaluate safe and quality patient-centered care using therapeutic communication and evidence-based nursing interventions. Collaboration with social support systems and the interprofessional team will be expected. Clinical experiences support further evolution of clinical judgement. Clinical experiences may be conducted in a variety of clinical settings including, but not limited to, the clinical skills laboratory, clinical simulation laboratory, virtual simulation, and healthcare agencies.

NUR 410: CLINICAL JUDGEMENT SEMINAR

Credits 2
This seminar will engage the learner in the multi-layered process of executing safe clinical judgement. Patient problems require the learner to recognize and analyze cues, prioritize hypotheses, and generate and evaluate evidence-based solutions for safe patient-centered care.

NUR 412: PROFESSIONAL NURSING: PROMOTING GLOBAL HEALTH

Credits 3
Conceptual and theoretical frameworks will prepare students to promote health and provide care for individuals, families, and aggregates in the global community. The evolution of global healthcare will be outlined. Multiple determinants of population health will be explored and incorporated in the safe, ethical, and compassionate care of healthy and vulnerable populations in the community setting. Course content will be delivered within the context of current socio-political environment, social justice principles, and availability of evidence with the goal of maximizing health and minimizing risk to the population.

NUR 412A: PROFESSIONAL NURSING: PROMOTING GLOBAL HEALTH

Credits 3
Conceptual and theoretical frameworks will prepare students to promote health and provide care for individuals, families, and aggregates in the global community. The evolution of global healthcare will be outlined. Multiple determinants of population health will be explored and incorporated in the safe, ethical, and compassionate care of healthy and vulnerable populations in the community setting. Course content will be delivered within the context of current socio-political environment, social justice principles, and availability of evidence with the goal of maximizing health and minimizing risk to the population.

NUR 413: PROFESSIONAL NURSING: PROMOTING GLOBAL HEALTH CLINICAL

Credits 2
The student nurse will demonstrate clinical judgement in the role of global health nurse by prioritizing care for individuals, families, and/or aggregates in the community. Under the direct supervision of a community partner and the indirect supervision of the clinical faculty, the student will identify a priority health need in the community; plan, develop, implement, and evaluate an evidence-based health promotion project, noting the community’s strength(s) and resources. Clinical experiences may be conducted in a variety of clinical settings including, but not limited to, the clinical skills laboratory, clinical simulation laboratory, virtual simulation, and healthcare agencies.

NUR 413A: PROFESSIONAL NURSING: PROMOTING GLOBAL HEALTH CLINICAL

Credits 2
The student nurse will demonstrate clinical judgement in the role of global health nurse by prioritizing care for individuals, families, and/or aggregates in the community. Under the direct supervision of a community partner and the indirect supervision of the clinical faculty, the student will identify a priority health need in the community; plan, develop, implement, and evaluate an evidence-based health promotion project, noting the community’s strength(s) and resources. Clinical experiences may be conducted in a variety of clinical settings including, but not limited to, the clinical skills laboratory, clinical simulation laboratory, virtual simulation, and healthcare agencies.

NUR 414A: DEVELOPING CLINICAL JUDGEMENT II

Credits 2
The student will continue to develop automatic thinking skills as the Linda Caputi Framework of Think like a Nurse is applied to complex nursing scenarios. The student performs the act of noticing, interpreting, responding, and reflecting in a wide variety of clinical scenarios and with diverse patient populations. As clinical judgement is developed, the student recognizes and analyzes cues to form hypotheses. Appropriate evidence-based interventions are generated and evaluated as safe patient-centered care is delivered. Clinical reasoning and decision making are appropriate and are professionally communicated to the members of the interprofessional healthcare team.

NUR 420: PROFESSIONAL NURSING: PROMOTING FAMILY HEALTH

Credits 4
Conceptual and theoretical frameworks are used to assess the determinants of family health and guide the safe and compassionate care for the family unit. Course content will be delivered within the context of current healthcare policy, best practice guidelines, and growth and development principles. Maximizing family health and minimizing risk is achieved through evidence-based nursing interventions implemented across the family unit and throughout the continuum of care.

NUR 420A: PROFESSIONAL NURSING: PROMOTING FAMILY HEALTH

Credits 4
Conceptual and theoretical frameworks are used to assess the determinants of family health and guide the safe and compassionate care for the family unit. Course content will be delivered within the context of current healthcare policy, best practice guidelines, and growth and development principles. Maximizing family health and minimizing risk is achieved through evidence-based nursing interventions implemented across the family unit and throughout the continuum of care.

NUR 421: PROFESSIONAL NURSING: PROMOTING FAMILY HEALTH CLINICAL

Credits 3
The learner will conduct the nursing process when caring for the family unit, with special consideration of age and principles of developmental stage. The student nurse will assess, plan, deliver, and evaluate safe and quality patient-centered care using therapeutic communication and evidence-based nursing interventions. Collaboration with social support systems and the inter- professional team will be expected. Clinical experiences provide the student nurse an opportunity to execute clinical judgement. Clinical experiences may be conducted in a variety of clinical settings including, but not limited to, the clinical skills laboratory, clinical simulation laboratory, virtual simulation, and healthcare agencies.

NUR 421A: PROFESSIONAL NURSING: PROMOTING FAMILY HEALTH CLINICAL

Credits 3
The learner will conduct the nursing process when caring for the family unit, with special consideration of age and principles of developmental stage. The student nurse will assess, plan, deliver, and evaluate safe and quality patient-centered care using therapeutic communication and evidence-based nursing interventions. Collaboration with social support systems and the inter- professional team will be expected. Clinical experiences provide the student nurse an opportunity to execute clinical judgement. Clinical experiences may be conducted in a variety of clinical settings including, but not limited to, the clinical skills laboratory, clinical simulation laboratory, virtual simulation, and healthcare agencies.

NUR 490: TRANSITION TO PROFESSIONAL NURSING PRACTICE

Credits 3
Socialization of the student to contemporary issues in professional nursing practice will be emphasized. The roles of the nurse as a leader and manager in the structure of the healthcare system will be explored. System-based practice and specific work unit environments will be examined to ensure quality and safety in the delivery of patient-centered care. Specific concepts of leadership, change, conflict, workplace violence, performance evaluation, delegation, self-care, and life of inquiry will be examined. The student will be prepared for role transition from student nurse to registered nurse.

NUR 490A: TRANSITION TO PROFESSIONAL NURSING PRACTICE

Credits 3
Socialization of the student to contemporary issues in professional nursing practice will be emphasized. The roles of the nurse as a leader and manager in the structure of the healthcare system will be explored. System-based practice and specific work unit environments will be examined to ensure quality and safety in the delivery of patient-centered care. Specific concepts of leadership, change, conflict, workplace violence, performance evaluation, delegation, self-care, and life of inquiry will be examined. The student will be prepared for role transition from student nurse to registered nurse.

NUR 491: TRANSITION TO PROFESSIONAL NURSING PRACTICE CLINICAL

Credits 3
The synthesis of liberal arts, science, and nursing knowledge will guide clinical judgement and professional practice. The student will begin to perform nurse roles such as delegator, leader, and manager within the work unit while performing the nursing process to promote safe, compassionate, patient-centered care. Clinical experiences may be conducted in a variety of clinical settings including, but not limited to, the clinical skills laboratory, clinical simulation laboratory, virtual simulation, and healthcare agencies.

NUR 491A: TRANSITION TO PROFESSIONAL NURSING PRACTICE CLINICAL

Credits 3
The synthesis of liberal arts, science, and nursing knowledge will guide clinical judgement and professional practice. The student will begin to perform nurse roles such as delegator, leader, and manager within the work unit while performing the nursing process to promote safe, compassionate, patient-centered care. Clinical experiences may be conducted in a variety of clinical settings including, but not limited to, the clinical skills laboratory, clinical simulation laboratory, virtual simulation, and healthcare agencies.